{"id":2074,"date":"2026-04-27T11:53:39","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/fr\/wiki\/guide-de-base-sur-les-charges-sismiques\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T11:53:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:53:39","slug":"guide-de-base-sur-les-charges-sismiques","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/fr\/support\/manuels-techniques\/guide-de-base-sur-les-charges-sismiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide de base sur les charges sismiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s
<\/span><\/h1>\n
\n
    \n
  1. Vous apprendrez \u00e0 int\u00e9grer le chargement sismique de base dans votre mod\u00e8le.
    <\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Vous saurez visualiser et v\u00e9rifier les d\u00e9form\u00e9es modales sismiques
    <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Il est tr\u00e8s important de se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer au code sismique concern\u00e9 pour une explication d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l’analyse et du calcul sismiques. 
    <\/span><\/div>\n
    Cet article utilise l’EuroCode 8 \u00e0 titre d’illustration. La proc\u00e9dure sera similaire pour les autres codes sismiques.
    <\/span><\/div>\n
    \"Notes\" <\/p>\n
    Veuillez \u00e9galement consulter l’article sismique sp\u00e9cifique au pays pour plus d’indications :<\/span> <\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    1. Analyse sismique selon l’EuroCode 8<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. Analyse sismique selon la NSCP2015 (Philippines)<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. Analyse sismique selon la SNI 1726 : 2019 (Indon\u00e9sie)<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. Analyse sismique selon l’IS1893-2016 (Inde)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

      <\/span><\/div>\n

      \n
      \"Idea\"<\/p>\n
      Vous pouvez \u00e9galement consulter le guide de calcul et la vid\u00e9o ci-dessous pour en savoir plus sur l’isolation sismique.<\/span><\/div>\n
        \n
      1. Isolation \u00e0 la base<\/a><\/li>\n
      2. Introduction \u00e0 l’isolation sismique<\/a> (Vid\u00e9o)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/span><\/div>\n

        Proc\u00e9dures<\/span><\/span>
        <\/span><\/h1>\n

        S\u00e9lectionner un code de calcul
        <\/span><\/h2>\n
        S\u00e9lectionner un code sismique : <\/span><\/span> onglet Implantation du b\u00e2timent ><\/span><\/b>  <\/span><\/span>Centre de param\u00e8tres <\/span><\/span><\/b>>  <\/span><\/span>Codes<\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span>onglet<\/span><\/i> > Choisissez un code sismique dans la liste.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        \n

        D\u00e9finir les cas de charge sismiques et les combinaisons
        <\/span><\/h2>\n
        En r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la figure ci-dessous :  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        <\/p>\n
        <\/div>\n

        <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n


        <\/font><\/div>\n
        1. Allez dans l’onglet <\/span><\/span>Chargement<\/span><\/span><\/b> > s\u00e9lectionnez<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cas de charge et combinaisons  
        <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i><\/div>\n
        2. L’\u00e9diteur de combinaisons de charge s’affiche (comme ci-dessus) <\/span><\/span>
        <\/span><\/font><\/div>\n
        3. S\u00e9lectionnez <\/span><\/span>G\u00e9n\u00e9rateur de chargement > \u00c9diteur de chargement automatique <\/span><\/span><\/b>s’affiche<\/span><\/span>
        <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/font><\/div>\n
        4. Allez dans<\/span><\/span><\/font> <\/span><\/span>Combinaisons de charge horizontales <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i>onglet<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i>> Cochez  <\/span><\/span>Chargement sismique<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> > s\u00e9lectionnez  <\/span><\/span>Charge statique \u00e9quivalente<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>  ou <\/span><\/span>Spectre de r\u00e9ponse modal.<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
        \"Idea\"<\/p>\n
        Indications en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l’EuroCode 8 :<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
        1. "Charge statique \u00e9quivalente"<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> ou <\/span><\/span><\/i>"M\u00e9thode d’analyse par forces lat\u00e9rales"<\/span><\/span><\/i>  <\/span><\/span><\/b>s’applique uniquement aux b\u00e2timents dont la p\u00e9riode fondamentale est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 2,0 s et aux b\u00e2timents r\u00e9guliers en \u00e9l\u00e9vation (peut varier selon le code sp\u00e9cifique du pays ou l’annexe nationale).
          <\/span><\/li>\n
        2. "Spectre de r\u00e9ponse modal" <\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b>Il s’applique \u00e0 tous les types de structures. Il donne une \u00e9valuation plus pr\u00e9cise des forces sismiques. Nous recommandons fortement d’utiliser cette m\u00e9thode pour tous les b\u00e2timents.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n

          Mettre \u00e0 jour les param\u00e8tres de calcul sismique
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          Acc\u00e9dez \u00e0 l’onglet <\/span>Chargement<\/span><\/b>, puis s\u00e9lectionnez <\/span>Param\u00e8tres sismiques <\/span><\/b>
          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
          Vous pouvez d\u00e9finir les param\u00e8tres sismiques en parcourant tous les onglets de la bo\u00eete de dialogue Param\u00e8tres sismiques : <\/span><\/span>Param\u00e8tres, Analyse, Irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s structurelles ou R\u00e9glages.<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
          Par exemple, vous pouvez ajuster le nombre de modes de vibration dans 2 directions dans l’<\/span><\/span>onglet Analyse<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i><\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/i><\/b> <\/div>\n
          \n
          \"Notes\" <\/p>\n
          Augmentez le nombre de modes de vibration pour atteindre une participation de masse cumul\u00e9e de 90 % (exig\u00e9e par la plupart des codes sismiques). La valeur recommand\u00e9e est <\/span>15<\/span><\/b>. 
          <\/span><\/div>\n
          Si le crit\u00e8re n’est pas respect\u00e9, un message d’avertissement appropri\u00e9 s’affiche et est consign\u00e9 dans le  <\/span>Rapport de v\u00e9rifications post-analyse<\/span><\/b>.
          <\/span><\/i><\/div>\n
          Reportez-vous aux guides de calcul sismique propres \u00e0 chaque pays pour plus de d\u00e9tails, comme indiqu\u00e9 au d\u00e9but de l’article. 
          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n


          <\/span><\/div>\n

          P\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies par l’utilisateur dans l’analyse de charge statique \u00e9quivalente (EQS)<\/span>
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          <\/p>\n

          Pour d\u00e9terminer les modes propres de vibration, ProtaStructure effectue automatiquement une analyse aux valeurs propres en 3D. Une fois les modes de vibration d\u00e9tect\u00e9s, ils sont class\u00e9s selon leur participation de masse dans trois degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 : Translation X, Translation Y et Rotation Z. Les modes dominants dans les directions X et Y sont retenus comme modes candidats pour la m\u00e9thode de charge sismique statique \u00e9quivalente.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/span><\/p>\n

          La p\u00e9riode de vibration issue de ces modes ne peut toutefois pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e directement dans la m\u00e9thode EQS. Les codes sismiques imposent toujours une limite sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 ces valeurs, au moyen de formules empiriques. Les conditions les plus courantes sont : <\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          1. T<\/span><\/span>eigen <\/span><\/span>\u2264 formule de Rayleigh<\/span><\/div>\n
          2. T<\/span>eigen <\/span><\/span>\u2264 C<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>.C<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>.h<\/span><\/span>nx<\/span><\/div>\n
          <\/span>3. T<\/span><\/span>eigen <\/span><\/span>\u2264 0.1N<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
          ProtaStructure v\u00e9rifie automatiquement ces conditions et leur variation selon le code sismique s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9.<\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
          <\/p>\n
          Les utilisateurs peuvent imposer directement des p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies par l’utilisateur pour l’analyse EQS. Pour saisir des p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies par l’utilisateur :<\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
          \n
          \n
          1. Acc\u00e9dez \u00e0 l’onglet \u201c<\/span>Param\u00e8tres sismiques > Analyse<\/span><\/b>\u201d.<\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          2. Cochez l’option \u201c<\/span>Utiliser les p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies par l’utilisateur dans l’analyse statique \u00e9quivalente<\/span><\/b>\u201d.<\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          3. Saisissez les valeurs de p\u00e9riode pour les directions <\/span>X<\/span><\/b> et<\/span> Y<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
          4. Fermez la fen\u00eatre en cliquant sur le bouton <\/span>OK<\/span><\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
          \n
          \n
          <\/span>
          <\/span>
          <\/div>\n
          \n
          \"Notes\"<\/p>\n
          Les p\u00e9riodes d\u00e9finies par l’utilisateur seront utilis\u00e9es directement dans le calcul de l’effort tranchant statique \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 la base, sans application d’aucune limite sup\u00e9rieure<\/span>.<\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          D\u00e9finir la charge d’exploitation \/ le facteur de pr\u00e9sence simultan\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          Vous pouvez d\u00e9finir le coefficient de charge d’exploitation ou de simultan\u00e9it\u00e9 dans l’onglet Implantation du b\u00e2timent <\/b>> Op\u00e9rations d’\u00e9tage<\/b> > menu Modifier l’\u00e9tage <\/a>. 
          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          Facteur de charge d’exploitation \"\"<\/span> <\/span><\/i><\/b>influe sur le calcul du poids sismique de chaque \u00e9tage :
          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n
          \n
          Poids sismique, W = [Charge permanente] + <\/span>\"\".[Charge d’exploitation]<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/i>
          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n
          \n
          \n

          D\u00e9finir le nombre de sous-sols rigides<\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          Si des sous-sols sont \u00e9galement mod\u00e9lis\u00e9s, ils peuvent \u00eatre exclus des v\u00e9rifications d’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de masse. Le nombre de sous-sols peut \u00eatre indiqu\u00e9 dans la bo\u00eete de dialogue \u00ab <\/span>Modifier l’\u00e9tage<\/span><\/i><\/b> \u00bb.
          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n
          Dans l’exemple ci-dessous, l’\u00e9tage 1 est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 un sous-sol. Le Nombre de sous-sols rigides<\/b> est donc d\u00e9fini sur 1. 
          <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n
          Apr\u00e8s avoir ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 l’Analyse du b\u00e2timent, ouvrez le Rapport de v\u00e9rification post-analyse du rapport sismique et rep\u00e9rez la section \u00ab V\u00e9rification de l’irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 de masse entre \u00e9tages<\/span> \u00bb.  <\/span>L’\u00e9tage 1 est correctement exclu de cette v\u00e9rification<\/span><\/span> comme illustr\u00e9 ci-dessous.<\/span>  <\/span><\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          Analyse du b\u00e2timent
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          1. Acc\u00e9dez \u00e0 <\/span>Analyse du b\u00e2timent<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/b>> <\/span>Options du mod\u00e8le<\/span><\/i><\/b> <\/span> <\/span><\/i>> <\/span>Facteurs de rigidit\u00e9 effective des mat\u00e9riaux<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          2. V\u00e9rifiez et modifiez les facteurs de rigidit\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la norme applicable.  Les cas de charge sismique prennent toujours en compte les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des sections fissur\u00e9es.  <\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n
          3. Lancez l’analyse. Un rapport r\u00e9capitulatif s’affiche \u00e0 la fin du calcul.  <\/span>Les d\u00e9tails figurent dans le<\/span><\/span> <\/span>Rapport de v\u00e9rification post-analyse. <\/span><\/i><\/b> <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
          4. Cliquez sur <\/span><\/span>OK<\/span><\/span><\/b> pour continuer. <\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n

          Post-analyse : Mod\u00e8le analytique<\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/h2>\n
          La vue Mod\u00e8le analytique<\/a> peut \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9e et ouverte une fois l’Analyse du b\u00e2timent termin\u00e9e. <\/span><\/div>\n
          Acc\u00e9dez \u00e0 l’onglet <\/span>Analyse <\/span><\/b>>  <\/span><\/span>Mod\u00e8le analytique<\/span><\/b> <\/span> > Mod\u00e8le d’analyse du b\u00e2timent<\/b> (voir ci-dessous)
          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
          La vue Mod\u00e8le analytique est cr\u00e9\u00e9e comme illustr\u00e9 ci-dessous, pour l’exemple du mod\u00e8le du guide de d\u00e9marrage rapide. 
          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
            \n
          1. Dans l’onglet R\u00e9sultats<\/b>, v\u00e9rifiez que D\u00e9placement <\/b>est activ\u00e9. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          2. Cliquez sur <\/span><\/span>Animation<\/span><\/span><\/b> pour bien visualiser le mode de vibration du b\u00e2timent.
            <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          3. Cliquez sur <\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/span>+ Augmenter l’\u00e9chelle<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/span>" ou "<\/span><\/span>\u00c9chelle automatique"<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> si la vibration n’est pas visuellement significative.
            <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          4. S\u00e9lectionnez Formes modales<\/b> dans le panneau de droite. 
            <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            L’animation ci-dessous montre les 3 premiers modes <\/span><\/span>: <\/span>
            <\/font><\/div>\n

            <\/font><\/div>\n
            \n

            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
            <\/div>\n
            \n
            \"Idea\"<\/p>\n
            Quelques directives et remarques<\/span><\/span><\/b> :<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
              \n
            1. Les 3 premiers modes doivent \u00eatre <\/span><\/span>"Direction X"<\/span><\/span><\/b> ou <\/span><\/span>"Direction Y"<\/span><\/span><\/b> ou <\/span><\/span>"Torsion"<\/span><\/span><\/b> pour un mod\u00e8le stable.
              <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            2. Si les premiers modes de vibration ne correspondent pas \u00e0 ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, une instabilit\u00e9 locale est probable (par exemple due \u00e0 une mod\u00e9lisation incorrecte, un nombre excessif de rotules appliqu\u00e9es, ou un \u00e9l\u00e9ment isol\u00e9 mal retenu) 
              <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            3. Observez attentivement l’animation du b\u00e2timent pour d\u00e9terminer la position de l’instabilit\u00e9, et corrigez le mod\u00e8le en cons\u00e9quence.
              <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
            4. Pour obtenir des conseils sur la v\u00e9rification du mod\u00e8le analytique, regardez cette vid\u00e9o de formation en ligne : <\/span><\/span>15 Post Analysis, Analytical Model<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              <\/span><\/div>\n

              Rapports
              <\/span><\/h1>\n
              Les r\u00e9sultats de l’analyse sismique se trouvent dans la bo\u00eete de dialogue  <\/span><\/span>Analyse du b\u00e2timent<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> > <\/span><\/span>onglet Rapports<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/b> <\/span>
              <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                \n
              1. Rapport de v\u00e9rifications post-analyse<\/span><\/span><\/b> : contient les d\u00e9tails des r\u00e9sultats de l’analyse sismique et la conformit\u00e9 aux clauses<\/span>
                <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              2. V\u00e9rifications des poteaux forts <\/span><\/span><\/b>: cr\u00e9\u00e9 uniquement pour une analyse \u00e0 ductilit\u00e9 moyenne ou \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/span>
                <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              3. V\u00e9rifications du cisaillement des n\u0153uds<\/span><\/span><\/b> : cr\u00e9\u00e9 uniquement pour une analyse \u00e0 ductilit\u00e9 moyenne ou \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
              4. Rapport des r\u00e9sultats de valeurs propres <\/span><\/span><\/b>:  contient les informations de fr\u00e9quence propre et de p\u00e9riode<\/span>
                <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                Autrement, tous les rapports sont accessibles depuis l’onglet <\/span><\/span>Plans et rapports<\/span><\/span><\/b> > la liste d\u00e9roulante <\/span><\/span>Rapports<\/span><\/span><\/b>. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                <\/p>\n
                <\/div>\n

                <\/span><\/p>\n

                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                G\u00e9n\u00e9ralit\u00e9s Vous apprendrez \u00e0 int\u00e9grer le chargement sismique de base dans votre mod\u00e8le. Vous saurez visualiser et v\u00e9rifier les d\u00e9form\u00e9es modales sismiques Il est tr\u00e8s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_whitepaper_youtube_videos":"","_whitepaper_youtube_url":"","_whitepaper_youtube_thumbnail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"whitepaper_topic":[],"whitepaper_product":[],"whitepaper_type":[],"class_list":["post-2074","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry","category-pre-analysis"],"yoast_head":"\nGuide de base sur les charges sismiques<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce guide pr\u00e9sente les bases des charges sismiques : d\u00e9finitions, m\u00e9thodes de calcul et principes essentiels pour l'ing\u00e9nierie des structures.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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