{"id":1740,"date":"2026-08-03T21:33:40","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T21:33:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/tr\/destek\/teknik-kilavuzlar\/interaktif-kolon-tasarimi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T21:33:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T21:33:40","slug":"interaktif-kolon-tasarimi","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/tr\/destek\/teknik-kilavuzlar\/interaktif-kolon-tasarimi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nteraktif Kolon Tasar\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u201c<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kolon Donat\u0131 Tasar\u0131m\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d<\/b> penceresinde kolon kesitleri ve donat\u0131 d\u00fczeni interaktif olarak incelenebilir ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolonlar ve perdeler, bir yap\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 elemanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kritik y\u00fck alt\u0131ndaki elemanlar interaktif olarak tasarlanmal\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kolona etkiyen her y\u00fcklemenin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebilmeli ve donat\u0131 d\u00fczenini g\u00fcncelleyebilmelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kolon Tasar\u0131m D\u00fczenleyicisinin Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kolon Tasar\u0131m D\u00fczenleyicisi, \u201c\u0130nteraktif Tasar\u0131m\u201d<\/i><\/b> butonuna t\u0131klanarak veya \u00f6zet tablosunda bir kolon sat\u0131r\u0131na \u00e7ift t\u0131klanarak a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKolon Donat\u0131 Tasar\u0131m\u0131\u201d penceresindeki veri alanlar\u0131, se\u00e7ili kolonun geometrisini, y\u00fcklerini ve donat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKolon Donat\u0131 Tasar\u0131m\u0131\u201d penceresindeki alanlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kesit Boyutlar\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

Kesit boyutlar\u0131, kolonun \u201c2\u201d (yatay eksen) ve \u201c3\u201d (d\u00fc\u015fey eksen) y\u00f6nlerindeki boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u201cb2\u201d ve \u201cb3\u201d) i\u00e7erir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kolonun eklenmesinde referans noktas\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilen aks kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131 ile kolon merkezi aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131klar (\u201ce2\u201d ve \u201ce3\u201d), kolonun serbest boylar\u0131 (\u201cL2\u201d ve \u201cL3\u201d) ve beton paspay\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n

Poligon kolonlarda \u201cb2\u201d ve \u201cb3\u201d de\u011ferleri, kolon kesitinin 2 ve 3 y\u00f6nlerindeki maksimum uzan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu alanlar poligon kolonlarda g\u00fcncellenemez.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dairesel kolonlar modellenmi\u015fse \u201c\u0130\u00e7 ve D\u0131\u015f \u00c7aplar\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir. Dairesel kolonun kesiti bo\u015fluklu ise \u201cb3\u201d alan\u0131ndaki de\u011fer i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu alanlarda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaparsan\u0131z, de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cG\u00fcncelle\u201d butonuna t\u0131klaman\u0131z gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fck Kombinasyonlar\u0131 Tablosu<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Analiz s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda her y\u00fck kombinasyonundan elde edilen eleman kuvveti sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bir tabloda listelenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tablodaki alanlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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No<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Bina analizinde kullan\u0131lan y\u00fck kombinasyonu numaras\u0131. Kolon\/perde \u00fcst ve alt u\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 alanlar ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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N<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u0130lgili y\u00fck kombinasyonunun eksenel y\u00fck sonucu<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

M33<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Kolonun 3 y\u00f6n\u00fc ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki e\u011filme momenti.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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M22<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Kolonun 2 y\u00f6n\u00fc ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki e\u011filme momenti.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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V2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Kolonun Dir-2 eksenine g\u00f6re kesme kuvveti.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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V3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Kolonun Dir-3 eksenine g\u00f6re kesme kuvveti.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Y\u00fck Kombinasyonu<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Y\u00fck kombinasyonunun ad\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Y\u00fck Kombinasyonlar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Kesit tasar\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak y\u00fck kombinasyonu (veya kombinasyonlar\u0131), interaktif kesit tasar\u0131m\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce belirtilmelidir. “T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Se\u00e7\/Se\u00e7imi Kald\u0131r” se\u00e7ene\u011fi i\u015faretlenirse tablodaki t\u00fcm kombinasyonlar\u0131n se\u00e7imi yap\u0131l\u0131r veya kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"Uyar\u0131\" <\/span><\/p>\n
Bu durumda kolon kesit tasar\u0131m\u0131 se\u00e7ilen her kombinasyon i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r ve donat\u0131, en kritik kombinasyona g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilir. <\/span>
<\/span>Gerekli donat\u0131 t\u00fcm y\u00fck kombinasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131ysa ilk y\u00fck kombinasyonu vurgulan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

“T\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Se\u00e7\/Se\u00e7imi Kald\u0131r” se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klayarak t\u00fcm kombinasyonlar\u0131n se\u00e7imini kald\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra tablodan bir veya birden fazla kombinasyon se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. Tablodan belirli bir kombinasyonu se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in o kombinasyonun sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki en soldaki ba\u015fl\u0131k h\u00fccresine t\u0131klaman\u0131z yeterlidir. Fare imlecini en soldaki h\u00fccrenin \u00fczerine getirdi\u011finizde \u015feklinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Klavyede<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>CTRL<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>tu\u015funa bas\u0131l\u0131 tutup en soldaki h\u00fccreye t\u0131klayarak birden fazla kombinasyon se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. Bu \u015fekilde program\u0131n, kolonun kesit tasar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca bu kombinasyonlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bir veya birden fazla kombinasyon kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 olarak kaydedilebilir ve de\u011ferleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Donat\u0131, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 kombinasyonlar\u0131n en kritik olan\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in klavyedeki CTRL tu\u015funun yard\u0131m\u0131yla kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 olarak kaydetmek istedi\u011finiz kombinasyonlar\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0130\u015faretli Kombinasyonlar\u0131 Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Tan\u0131ml\u0131 Olarak Se\u00e7” se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Tablo art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca se\u00e7ilen kombinasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Di\u011ferleri ge\u00e7ici olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmden \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n
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\n
\"Bilgi\"“Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Tan\u0131ml\u0131 Y\u00fckler<\/i><\/b>” onay kutusunun bu i\u015flemden sonra otomatik olarak i\u015faretlendi\u011fine dikkat edin. “Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Tan\u0131ml\u0131 Y\u00fckler<\/i><\/b>” onay kutusunun i\u015faretini kald\u0131r\u0131rsan\u0131z t\u00fcm kombinasyonlar tabloya geri y\u00fcklenir.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 kombinasyonlar\u0131n de\u011ferlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tablodaki ilgili h\u00fccreye t\u0131klaman\u0131z yeterlidir. H\u00fccrenin \u00fcst kenar\u0131na yak\u0131n de\u011ferler kolonun \u00fcst ucu i\u00e7in, alt kenar\u0131na yak\u0131n de\u011ferler ise kolonun alt ucu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bir h\u00fccrede h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak i\u00e7in:<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n
    \n
  1. Bu alanda \u00f6nce \u00fcst de\u011feri girin.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0130lk de\u011feri girdikten sonra, ikinci de\u011feri girmeden \u00f6nce “virg\u00fcl” ve bir bo\u015fluk<\/b> ekleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"Bilgi\" <\/p>\n
    \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcst de\u011fer olarak 50kN<\/b> veya alt de\u011fer olarak 50kN<\/b> girebilirsiniz. (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6rsele bak\u0131n\u0131z)<\/i> <\/div>\n
    \"\" <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    Donat\u0131lar\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/h2>\n

    Kolon kesitindeki donat\u0131lar, “Donat\u0131lar” sayfas\u0131ndaki alanlar de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek d\u00fczenlenebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Poligon kolonlarda, donat\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesinde baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapt\u0131ktan sonra “Donat\u0131lar\u0131 S\u0131f\u0131rla” se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanarak orijinal d\u00fczenlemeye geri d\u00f6nebilirsiniz.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Dikd\u00f6rtgen ve Dairesel Kolonlar<\/span><\/b><\/span>
    <\/span><\/div>\n

    Dikd\u00f6rtgen veya dairesel kolonlarda donat\u0131 d\u00fczenlenirken “K\u00f6\u015fe Donat\u0131lar\u0131”, “x-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u0131” ve “y-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u0131” olarak yerle\u015ftirilecek donat\u0131lar ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kontrol edilebilir. Bu se\u00e7enek, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bu alanlar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 donat\u0131 \u00e7aplar\u0131 se\u00e7mesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cx-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u201d, kolonun global x ekseni kenar\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015ftirilen donat\u0131 \u00e7ubuklar\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cy-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u201d ise kolonun global y ekseni kenar\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015ftirilen donat\u0131 \u00e7ubuklar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00f6\u015felere yerle\u015ftirilen donat\u0131 \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 ayr\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\u0130pucu\" <\/p>\n
    \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d<\/i><\/b> sayfas\u0131nda k\u00f6\u015fe donat\u0131lar\u0131 \u201c1\u201d<\/i><\/b>, \u201cx-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u201d<\/i><\/b> \u201c3\u201d<\/i><\/b> ve \u201cy-Ara Donat\u0131lar\u201d<\/i><\/b> \u201c1\u201d<\/i><\/b> olarak g\u00f6steriliyorsa, k\u00f6\u015felerde 4×1, x y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kenarlarda 2×3 ve y y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kenarlarda 2×1 donat\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011fu bulunur. Kolon kesitinde toplam 12 donat\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011fu olur.   <\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    Dikd\u00f6rtgen Kolon Donat\u0131s\u0131<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

    Dairesel kolonlarda sadece \u201cK\u00f6\u015fe Donat\u0131lar\u0131\u201d alan\u0131nda bir de\u011fer bulunur. Bu de\u011fer, dairesel kesite yerle\u015ftirilecek toplam donat\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011fu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosunda \u201cAdet\u201d veya \u201cAlan Oran\u0131\u201d gibi herhangi bir alan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde, ekrandaki taslak da g\u00fcncellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Poligon Kolonlar<\/span><\/span><\/b>
    <\/h2>\n

    Poligon kolonlarda her donat\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011fu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle her \u00e7ubu\u011fa bir numara atan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Taslakta bir \u00e7ubu\u011fu konumland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, \u00e7ubu\u011fun numaras\u0131 \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosunda se\u00e7ilir. Dikd\u00f6rtgen veya dairesel kolonlar\u0131n aksine, poligon kolonlarda donat\u0131lar x ve y koordinatlar\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"Notlar\"Poligon kolonlara donat\u0131 ekleme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in <\/span>Poligon Kolon Edit\u00f6r\u00fcnde Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Perde\/D\u00fczensiz Kolon Donat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Tan\u0131mlama<\/a> makalesine bak\u0131n.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

    Donat\u0131 Alan Oranlar\u0131<\/span><\/b>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span>\u201cAlan Oran\u0131\u201d<\/i><\/b> de\u011ferleri, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 kesitte farkl\u0131 donat\u0131 \u00e7aplar\u0131 se\u00e7mesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"Bilgi\"\u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u00f6\u015fe donat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n alan oran\u0131n\u0131 \u201c<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span>1.00<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d, 1-ara ve 2-ara donat\u0131lar i\u00e7in ise \u201c0.8\u201d <\/i><\/b>olarak belirlenirse, k\u00f6\u015fe donat\u0131lar R20 oldu\u011funda ara donat\u0131lar R16 olarak se\u00e7ilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n

    Donat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131 Sekmesi<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Tasar\u0131m i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gereken donat\u0131 alan\u0131 \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosunun alt\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Donat\u0131 \u00c7aplar\u0131<\/span><\/b><\/span>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    Gereken donat\u0131 alan\u0131na g\u00f6re donat\u0131 \u00e7aplar\u0131 program taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak se\u00e7ilir. \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosundaki t\u00fcm alanlar d\u00fczenlenebilir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131, gereken donat\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak se\u00e7ilen \u00e7aplar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cSa\u011flanan Donat\u0131 Alan\u0131\u201d de\u011feri, \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosunda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cAyarlar\u201d sayfas\u0131nda \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ap\u0131\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fini i\u015faretlerseniz, \u00e7ubuk \u00e7aplar\u0131 taslak \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Sa\u011flanan Donat\u0131 Alan\u0131<\/span><\/b>
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    Tasar\u0131m i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sa\u011flanan donat\u0131 alan\u0131 ve toplam donat\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011fu say\u0131s\u0131 \u201cDonat\u0131 \u00c7ubuklar\u0131\u201d tablosunun alt\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n