{"id":1776,"date":"2026-08-03T21:34:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T21:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/tr\/destek\/teknik-kilavuzlar\/model-secenekleri\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T21:34:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T21:34:03","slug":"model-secenekleri","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/tr\/destek\/teknik-kilavuzlar\/model-secenekleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Model Se\u00e7enekleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
Analizde kullan\u0131lacak se\u00e7enekler, \u201cBina Analizi\u201d formunun \u201cModel Se\u00e7enekleri\u201d sayfas\u0131nda belirlenebilir. \u201cModel Se\u00e7enekleri\u201d, Model, Perde Duvar Modeli, D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli ve Ayarlar olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt sekme sayfas\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n
<\/p>\n
\"Bilgi\" <\/div>\n
Bu sayfada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u201cVarsay\u0131lan Ayarlar\u201d d\u00fc\u011fmesine bas\u0131larak geri al\u0131nabilir.<\/span><\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Model<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
\n
Binan\u0131n analitik modeliyle ilgili parametreler \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Model<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d sekmesinde ayarlanabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Malzeme ve Kesit Etkin Rijitlik Katsay\u0131lar\u0131<\/b> <\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n
    \n
  1. Eleman gruplar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cElastisite Mod\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d, "Eksenel Alan", "E\u011filme Rijitli\u011fi", \u201cKesme Alan\u0131\u201d ve \u201cBurulma Sabiti\u201d de\u011ferleri katsay\u0131lar kullan\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilir. <\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u201c1\u201dden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011ferler ilgili parametreyi azalt\u0131r, \u201c1\u201dden b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferler ise de\u011ferini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span>
    <\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Gri renkli de\u011ferler de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez; bunlar otomatik olarak hesaplan\u0131r. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    <\/p>\n
    \"Fikir\"<\/div>\n
    \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir Perde-\u00c7er\u00e7eve sistemde kolonlar\u0131n yatay y\u00fck payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak isterseniz, kolon atalet momenti i\u00e7in %5 katsay\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Bu i\u015flem, analiz verisi haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcm kolon atalet momentlerini genel olarak 0.05 ile \u00e7arpar ve analiz buna g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n
    \"Uyar\u0131\"<\/div>\n
    Bu alanda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131l\u0131rsa analiz tekrarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/p>\n
    \"Notlar\"<\/div>\n
    \u015eablonlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda, kiri\u015flerin <\/span>\u201cBurulma Rijitli\u011fi Katsay\u0131s\u0131\u201d <\/span><\/i>de\u011feri, tali kiri\u015flerin ana kiri\u015flerde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu burulma kuvvetlerini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan olarak 0.01 (%1) al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu, tali kiri\u015fin ana kiri\u015fte burulma olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n geri bildirimi do\u011frultusunda uygulanmaktad\u0131r <\/span>(kullan\u0131c\u0131lar bunun geleneksel varsay\u0131m ve beklentiyle pek uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ana kiri\u015fte burulma etriyesi gerektirebilece\u011fini belirtmektedir)<\/span><\/i>. 
    <\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n e\u011frisel kiri\u015f gibi durumlarda burulma rijitli\u011finden daha fazla yararlanmak istemesi halinde bu ayar art\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kesit \u00d6zellikleri, eleman se\u00e7ilip > sa\u011f t\u0131k > Kesit\/Malzeme D\u00fczenle yoluyla tekil elemanlar i\u00e7in de de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/span><\/div>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Kat Serbestlik Dereceleri<\/span><\/span>
    <\/h3>\n

    Her kat i\u00e7in serbestlik derecelerini tan\u0131mlamaya y\u00f6nelik bir liste bulunur. ProtaStructure\u2019daki kat serbestlik derecesi se\u00e7enekleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. X\/Y ve Burulmaya \u0130zin Verilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> X ve Y y\u00f6nlerindeki \u00f6telenmelere ve Z ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki kat burulmas\u0131na izin verilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    2. X\/Y\u2019ye \u0130zin Verilir, Burulma Engellenir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> X ve Y y\u00f6nlerindeki \u00f6telenmelere izin verilir. Ancak Z ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki burulma engellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Yaln\u0131zca X\u2019e \u0130zin Verilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> Yaln\u0131zca X y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6telenmeye izin verilir. Y y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6telenme ve Z ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nme engellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    4. Yaln\u0131zca Y\u2019ye \u0130zin Verilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> Yaln\u0131zca Y y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6telenmeye izin verilir. X y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00f6telenme ve Z ekseni etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nme engellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Son iki serbestlik derecesi se\u00e7ene\u011fi, k\u0131s\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n boyunca tan\u0131mlanan 2 boyutlu \u00e7er\u00e7eve sisteminin analizinde kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \"Fikir\"Tek bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sisteminin serbestlik derecelerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in \u201cYaln\u0131zca X\u2019e izin verilir\u201d veya \u201cYaln\u0131zca Y\u2019ye izin verilir\u201d se\u00e7eneklerini kullanabilirsiniz<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n

      Kat Serbestlik Dereceleri<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>
      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Rijit B\u00f6lgeler (betonarme elemanlar i\u00e7in)<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
      <\/h3>\n

      \u201cKolon-kiri\u015f\u201d kesi\u015fimlerinde olu\u015fan rijit b\u00f6lgeler, analiz modelinde program taraf\u0131ndan otomatik olarak dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. Rijit b\u00f6lgeler, betonarme elemanlar\u0131n etkin boylar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7elik yap\u0131larda rijit b\u00f6lge se\u00e7ene\u011fini her zaman \u201cyok\u201d (none) olarak ayarlay\u0131n. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
      <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Kesi\u015fimlerde olu\u015fabilecek beton \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almak i\u00e7in, daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i etkiler hesaplanabilmesi amac\u0131yla rijit b\u00f6lgeler belirli bir oranda azalt\u0131labilir. ProtaStructure Analiz Modeli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki rijit b\u00f6lge se\u00e7eneklerini i\u00e7erir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Maksimum<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      2. "<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>%50 Azalt"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/li>\n
      3. \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>%25 Azalt<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
      4. \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Yok<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
        <\/p>\n
        \"Notlar\" <\/div>\n
        Rijit b\u00f6lge se\u00e7enekleri hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 analitik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in Rijit B\u00f6lge Yorumlar\u0131<\/a> konusuna bak\u0131n.<\/span><\/div>\n

        <\/span><\/div>\n

        <\/div>\n
        Kiri\u015f Kesiti<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki radyo d\u00fc\u011fmeleri kullan\u0131larak, kiri\u015fin flan\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131 modelinde dikkate al\u0131nabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
        <\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/a>Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Temel Modeli \/ Zemin-Yap\u0131 Etkile\u015fimi<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
        <\/h3>\n

        Bu \u00f6zellik, yap\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n daha do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in temellerin yap\u0131 analiz modeline entegre edilmesini sa\u011flar.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, temel oturmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131ndaki kuvvetleri nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fi incelenebilir.
        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Temel Modeli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> se\u00e7ene\u011fini <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Zemin-Yap\u0131 Etkile\u015fimi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> alt\u0131nda se\u00e7in.
        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        Birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Temel Modelini kullanma ad\u0131mlar\u0131:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00dcst yap\u0131y\u0131 ve temeli ST00\u2019da modelleyin<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Yap\u0131 Analizini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        3. ST00\u2019a (Temel Kat\u0131) gidin<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        4. FE Radye Temel Analizini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        5. Yap\u0131 Analizini yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
        6. Yap\u0131lar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Analitik Model ve Sonu\u00e7 G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/b> i\u00e7inde inceleyin.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          <\/p>\n
          \"Notlar\" <\/div>\n
          Zemin yay\u0131 rijitli\u011fi\/Zemin Yatak Katsay\u0131s\u0131, her radye temel panelinin \u00f6zelliklerinde yerel olarak veya FE Radye Temel Analizi Parametrelerinde genel olarak ayarlanabilir.<\/span><\/div>\n

          <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          Perde Modeli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          ProtaStructure, binadaki perdeleri iki farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde modelleyebilir. Bunlardan biri <\/span>\u201cOrta Nokta Modeli\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b>, di\u011feri ise <\/span>\u201cSonlu Eleman Kabuk Modeli\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b>dir. <\/span>\u201cPerde Modeli\u201d <\/span><\/i><\/b>alan\u0131nda, binada genel olarak kullan\u0131lacak perde modelini belirleyebilirsiniz (varsay\u0131lan olarak). Bir perdenin <\/span>"Perde Modeli"<\/span><\/i><\/b> de\u011feri <\/span> <\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Orta Nokta Modeli<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201d <\/span><\/i><\/b>olarak ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, perde panelinin orta noktas\u0131nda tek bir kolon kullan\u0131larak perde modellenir. Kolon, kiri\u015f veya di\u011fer perdeler gibi kom\u015fu elemanlarla etkile\u015fim, iki y\u00f6ne uzanan rijit kiri\u015flerle sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/div>\n
          \n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          E\u011fer <\/span>\u201cSonlu Eleman Kabuk Modeli\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b> se\u00e7ilirse, perde elemanlar\u0131 d\u00f6rtgen kabuk elemanlarla modellenir (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

          Kabuk elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n maksimum y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ve geni\u015fli\u011fi, <\/span>\u201cKabuk Geni\u015fli\u011fi\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b> ve <\/span>\u201cKabuk Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b> alanlar\u0131na girilebilir. Varsay\u0131lan 500 mm x 500 mm de\u011feri \u00e7o\u011fu durum i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Geni\u015flik ve y\u00fckseklik de\u011ferleri azald\u0131k\u00e7a analiz s\u00fcresi artar.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
          <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          Sonlu Eleman Kabuk modelinin tercih edilebilece\u011fi durumlara \u00f6rnekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Binada daralan perdeler veya geni\u015f bodrum perdeleri varsa, "Sonlu Eleman Kabuk Modeli"<\/i><\/b> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
          2. S\u00fcreksiz (temele kadar uzanmayan) ve kiri\u015f veya d\u00f6\u015femeler taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen perdeler varsa, perde boyunca kuvvetlerdeki de\u011fi\u015fim yakalanabildi\u011finden Sonlu Eleman Kabuk modeli daha do\u011fru sonu\u00e7 verir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
            <\/p>\n
            \"Fikir\" <\/div>\n
            A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlar\u0131 (bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmamak \u00fczere) modelliyorsan\u0131z Sonlu Eleman (FE) kabuk modelinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span>
            <\/span><\/div>\n
              \n
            1. Perde u\u00e7lar\u0131 ve orta noktas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda perdeyi kesen kiri\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            2. delZ de\u011feri olan kiri\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            3. delZ de\u011feri olan perde<\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            4. Kiri\u015fle desteklenen perde<\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            5. Perde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fc olan perde<\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/li>\n
            6. E\u011fik (katlar aras\u0131) perde<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              Perdeler <\/span>\u201cOrta Nokta Modeli\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b> olarak modellendi\u011finde, <\/span>\u201cSonlu Eleman Kabuk Modeli\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/b> olarak modellenmesine g\u00f6re daha az analiz s\u00fcresi gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              Sistemdeki her bir perde eleman\u0131, analizde farkl\u0131 bir perde modeli kullanacak \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
              <\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Bu i\u015flem, perde \u00f6zellikleri veya perde tablosundaki "<\/span>Perde Model Tipi<\/span><\/i><\/b>" \u00fczerinden yap\u0131labilir. 3 se\u00e7enek bulunur:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                <\/span><\/li>\n
                  \n
                1. Varsay\u0131lan<\/span><\/b>: \u00d6n Analiz’deki genel Perde Modeli ayar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r
                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                2. Orta Nokta<\/span><\/b>: Yaln\u0131zca bu perde i\u00e7in Orta Nokta Modelini kullan\u0131r
                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                3. Sonlu Eleman Kabuk<\/span><\/b>: Yaln\u0131zca bu perde i\u00e7in Sonlu Eleman Modelini kullan\u0131r
                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                4. Bodrum Perdesi (A\u011f \u00d6rg\u00fcl\u00fc)<\/span><\/b>: Bodrum perdesi (A\u011f \u00d6rg\u00fcl\u00fc), deprem analizi ve tasar\u0131m\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r
                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                5. G\u00fc\u00e7lendirme Perdesi (Kabuk\/A\u011f \u00d6rg\u00fcl\u00fc)<\/span><\/b>: Deprem g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesi i\u00e7in ek "Ankraj (Filiz Donat\u0131)" eklenmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, normal betonarme perde duvara benzer.  <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                6. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir perde birinci katta "Orta Nokta Modeli", ikinci katta "Sonlu Eleman Kabuk Modeli" kullan\u0131larak modellenebilir.
                  <\/span><\/li>\n
                7. Bu, \u00f6zellikle yaln\u0131zca transfer kat\u0131nda Sonlu Eleman Kabuk modelinin gerekli oldu\u011fu, perdenin geri kalan\u0131nda ise "Orta Nokta" modelinin kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi s\u00fcreksiz perdeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  \n

                  D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/h2>\n

                  Rijit diyafram ve a\u011f olu\u015fturma gibi d\u00f6\u015feme modeliyle ilgili parametreler <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>sekmesinden de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/p>\n

                  Kat Diyafram Modeli
                  <\/span><\/h3>\n

                  Yatay y\u00fckler etkisinde, her kat seviyesindeki d\u00f6\u015femelerin kendi d\u00fczlemlerinde sonsuz rijit davran\u0131p davranmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (yani rijit diyafram etkisinin) belirtilmesi gerekir. Bu davran\u0131\u015f genellikle \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Rijit Diyafram<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d olarak modellenir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Bir kat seviyesinde rijit diyafram etkisi kabul edildi\u011finde, serbestlik dereceleri X ve Y y\u00f6nlerindeki \u00f6telenmeye ve X-Y d\u00fczlemine normal Z eksenindeki burulmaya indirgenir. Rijit diyaframda yer alan kiri\u015flerde eksenel deformasyon olu\u015fmaz.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Rijit Diyafram\u0131 Tan\u0131mlayan D\u00f6\u015femeler<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fi se\u00e7ildi\u011finde, rijit diyaframlar d\u00f6\u015femelerin hem yatay hem d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00f6nlerdeki s\u00fcreklilik ve kom\u015fuluk durumu incelenerek olu\u015fturulur. \u0130ki veya daha fazla d\u00f6\u015feme grubu birbirine do\u011frudan veya ara d\u00f6\u015femeler yoluyla dokunmuyorsa, bu gruplardan her biri ayr\u0131 bir rijit diyafram olu\u015fturur. Hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6\u015femeye dokunmayan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 bulunabilir. Bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 serbest d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r ve herhangi bir diyaframa ait de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kat Seviyesinde Tek Diyafram <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fi, d\u00f6\u015feme tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile t\u00fcm kat seviyesinin rijit diyafram gibi davranmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Rijit Diyaframs\u0131z Kat Seviyeleri <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fi se\u00e7ildi\u011finde, analizde rijit diyafram etkisi kullan\u0131lmaz. Kat seviyelerindeki t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 serbest d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm olarak kabul edilir. D\u00f6\u015femede b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar varsa (toplam d\u00f6\u015feme alan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/3’\u00fcnden fazla), rijit diyafram etkisinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 beklenemez. Bu durumda analizde bu se\u00e7enek kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  Varsay\u0131lan olarak <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>T\u00fcm Katlar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> i\u015faretlidir ve rijit diyafram\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan d\u00f6\u015femeler kabul edilir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>T\u00fcm Katlar <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>i\u015fareti kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, diyafram olarak de\u011ferlendirilecek katlar\u0131 se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fareti kald\u0131r\u0131lan katlarda<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Rijit Diyaframs\u0131z<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> durum kabul edilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  <\/p>\n
                  <\/p>\n
                  \"Notlar\"<\/div>\n
                  Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6sterim i\u00e7in bu makaleye ba\u015fvurun: Diyafram Modelleme \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/a><\/div>\n

                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                  D\u00f6\u015femeleri Bina Modeline Dahil Et – Sonlu Eleman A\u011f\u0131<\/span>
                  <\/h3>\n

                  Bu se\u00e7enek, Bina Analizi sekmesindeki \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>\u201d sekmesinde bulunur (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                  <\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  D\u00f6\u015femeleri Bina Modeline Dahil Et<\/b> se\u00e7ene\u011finin i\u015faretlenmesi, d\u00f6\u015femenin bina analizinde kabuk eleman olarak a\u011flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>“Masa \u00fcst\u00fc” modelin farklar\u0131na ait \u00f6rnek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da <\/span><\/span>Analitik Model<\/a> i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:  <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                  \n
                  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  <\/div>\n
                  Se\u00e7enek i\u015faretsiz (varsay\u0131lan) > D\u00f6\u015feme a\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcne dahil edilmez: <\/u><\/span><\/span><\/b>
                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                    \n
                  1. \n
                    Kiri\u015f-d\u00f6\u015feme modelinde d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fck\u00fc, akma \u00e7izgisi (yield-line) veya sonlu eleman y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 (FE Load Decomposition) y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak kiri\u015flere hesaplan\u0131r ve analiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda kiri\u015flere d\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eve y\u00fck\u00fc olarak uygulan\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u015eu makaleye bak\u0131n: \u00d6rnekle Akma \u00c7izgisi ve FE Y\u00fck Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    2. \n
                      Fiziksel d\u00f6\u015feme analizden hari\u00e7 tutuldu\u011fundan, d\u00f6\u015femenin rijitli\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131lmaz. 
                      <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    3. \n
                      D\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fcklerinin tamamen ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kiri\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenli kiri\u015f-d\u00f6\u015feme sistemi i\u00e7in uygundur. 
                      <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    4. \n
                      D\u00fcz d\u00f6\u015feme (flat slab) sisteminde kullan\u0131lamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm d\u00fcz d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fckleri kaybolur. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                    5. \n
                      Transfer d\u00f6\u015femesinde kullan\u0131lamaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcreksiz kolon ve perdeler desteksiz kal\u0131r (havada as\u0131l\u0131 kal\u0131r). 
                      <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      Se\u00e7enek i\u015faretli > D\u00f6\u015feme a\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcne dahil edilir: <\/u><\/span><\/span><\/b>
                      <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                        \n
                      1. \n
                        Kiri\u015f-d\u00f6\u015feme modelinde d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fckleri her zaman otomatik olarak kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. <\/span><\/span> Daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n: "<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f D\u00f6\u015feme Y\u00fcklerini Kullan…<\/b>" <\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                      2. \n
                        D\u00f6\u015feme a\u011f\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7eve elemanlar\u0131yla (kiri\u015f, kolon ve perdeler) birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, d\u00f6\u015femenin rijitli\u011fi hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                      3. \n
                        D\u00f6\u015femenin \u00e7er\u00e7eveyle etkile\u015fimini daha yak\u0131ndan incelemek istedi\u011finiz modeller i\u00e7in uygundur; \u00f6rne\u011fin uzun konsol d\u00f6\u015feme veya kiri\u015fle desteklenen d\u00fczensiz \u015fekilli d\u00f6\u015feme. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                      4. \n
                      5. \n
                      6. \n
                        A\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fc, e\u011fimli d\u00f6\u015feme veya rampalar\u0131n da daha do\u011fru \u015fekilde hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bkz.: E\u011fimli D\u00f6\u015feme Nas\u0131l Modellenir<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli<\/b> sekmesindeki ayarlar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n
                        1. Kat Diyafram\u0131 Modeli<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> se\u00e7enekleri \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmdeki gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.  <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Rijit Diyafram Yok<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> se\u00e7ildi\u011finde, yar\u0131 rijit diyafram <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00f6\u015feme Rijitlik Katsay\u0131lar\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> alt\u0131nda girilen <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00fczlem \u0130\u00e7i (Membran) Rijitli\u011fi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> de\u011ferine g\u00f6re hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                        2.  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bina Modeline D\u00f6\u015femeleri Dahil Et<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> i\u015faretliyse, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>A\u011f \u00d6rg\u00fcs\u00fc Uygulanacak Katlar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klayarak hangi katlar\u0131n dahil edilece\u011fi belirtilebilir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7at\u0131 d\u00fcz d\u00f6\u015feme modeliyse, sadece \u00e7at\u0131 d\u00f6\u015femesi a\u011f \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcne dahil edilecek \u015fekilde se\u00e7ilebilir; kiri\u015f-d\u00f6\u015feme d\u00fczenine sahip di\u011fer kat d\u00f6\u015femeleri "a\u011fs\u0131z" b\u0131rak\u0131larak daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve daha az karma\u015f\u0131k bir analiz modeli elde edilir. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          2. Farkl\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/span> Min. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>ve<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Maks. Kabuk Boyutu<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> de\u011ferleri belirtilerek a\u011f d\u00fczg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kontrol edilebilir.
                            <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                          3. D\u00f6rtgen Elemanlar\u0131 D\u00f6\u015feme A\u011f\u0131na Dahil Et<\/b>: Varsay\u0131lan olarak d\u00f6\u015femede \u00fc\u00e7gen elemanlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu se\u00e7enek i\u015faretlendi\u011finde, d\u00f6\u015femede d\u00f6rtgen kabuk elemanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. 
                            <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                          4. A\u011flanm\u0131\u015f Katlarda Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f D\u00f6\u015feme Y\u00fcklerini Kullan<\/b> :  D\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fcklerinin hesaplan\u0131p kiri\u015flere d\u0131\u015f y\u00fck olarak uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u0130\u015faretlenirse, d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fckleri akma \u00e7izgisi veya Sonlu Eleman Y\u00fck Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak kiri\u015flere hesaplan\u0131r ve analizde d\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eve y\u00fck\u00fc olarak uygulan\u0131r (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Analitik Model<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
                              \n
                              \n
                              \n

                              <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
                              \n
                                \n
                                  \n
                                1. \u0130\u015faretlenmezse<\/b>, akma \u00e7izgisi veya Sonlu Eleman Y\u00fck Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma tamamen g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir ve d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fckleri d\u00f6\u015feme a\u011f\u0131 ile otomatik olarak dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Analitik Model<\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
                                  \n
                                  \n
                                  \n
                                  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n
                                  \n
                                    \n
                                      \n
                                        \n
                                      1. Bu durumda kiri\u015flere yaln\u0131zca \u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, kiri\u015f duvar y\u00fckleri ve di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fckler uygulan\u0131r.
                                        <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                      2. D\u00f6\u015feme \u00f6z a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hareketli y\u00fck ve ek sabit y\u00fckler d\u00f6\u015feme kabuklar\u0131na \u201cKabuk Bas\u0131nc\u0131\u201d olarak uygulan\u0131r
                                        <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                      3. B\u00f6lgesel Y\u00fck, \u00c7izgisel Y\u00fck ve Nokta Y\u00fckleri otomatik olarak hesaplan\u0131r ve d\u00f6\u015feme a\u011f\u0131na uygulan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      4. A\u011flanm\u0131\u015f Katlarda Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f D\u00f6\u015feme Y\u00fcklerini Kullan <\/span><\/span><\/b>se\u00e7ene\u011fi, <\/span>i\u015faretlenmemelidir<\/span><\/b> di\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme sistemi, transfer d\u00f6\u015feme sistemi ve d\u00fczensiz d\u00f6\u015feme sisteminden olu\u015fan modellerin analizinde. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      5.  <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kolon Kesitlerini SE Modeline Dahil Et<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, kolonun rijit \u00e7evresinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. D\u00f6\u015feme, kolonun eksen d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc yerine \u00e7evresine kadar a\u011flan\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                                        <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                          \n
                                        1. Bu se\u00e7enek yaln\u0131zca kiri\u015fli d\u00f6\u015feme<\/b> modeli i\u00e7in, yani kiri\u015fle desteklenen d\u00f6\u015feme i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Analitik modeldeki fark a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir: <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                        2. \n
                                          <\/div>\n<\/li>\n
                                        3. Bu se\u00e7enek a\u011f olu\u015fturma karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 getirir. A\u011f hatalar\u0131 veya beklenmeyen sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa, bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi i\u015faretsiz b\u0131rak\u0131p analizi tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                        4. Di\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme modellerinde kolonlar\u0131n rijit \u00e7evresi her zaman dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r, yani kolon kesitleri her zaman hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131r (kapatma se\u00e7ene\u011fi yoktur). 
                                          <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                        5. Ayarlar <\/b>sekmesi alt\u0131nda se\u00e7ilen kolon d\u0131\u015f hatt\u0131 \/ \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in 2 analitik se\u00e7enek bulunur (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki Kolon D\u0131\u015f Hatt\u0131 Modeli <\/a>b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n). 
                                          <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n
                                          \n
                                            \n
                                          1. D\u00f6\u015feme Rijitlik Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 > <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>D\u00fczlem \u0130\u00e7i (Membran) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>d\u00f6\u015feme kabuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                              \n
                                            1. Bu se\u00e7enek yar\u0131 rijit d\u00f6\u015feme diyaframlar\u0131n\u0131 sim\u00fcle edebilir. Etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u201cRijit Diyaframs\u0131z Kat Seviyeleri\u201d se\u00e7ilmelidir.
                                              <\/span><\/li>\n
                                            2. \u201cKat Diyafram Modeli\u201d dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa (yani \u201cRijit Diyafram\u0131 Tan\u0131mlayan D\u00f6\u015femeler\u201d veya \u201cKat Seviyesi Ba\u015f\u0131na Tek Diyafram\u201d olarak ayarlan\u0131rsa), kabuklar d\u00fczlem i\u00e7inde sonsuz rijit olaca\u011f\u0131ndan membran rijitlikleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir.
                                              <\/span><\/li>\n
                                            3. Membran rijitli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201c0\u201d de\u011feri girilirse, \u201cRijit Diyafram Yok\u201d se\u00e7ene\u011fi se\u00e7ilmemelidir. Aksi takdirde analizde karars\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                            4. D\u00f6\u015feme Rijitlik Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 > <\/span><\/span><\/span>E\u011filme Rijitli\u011fi <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b>(d\u00fczlem d\u0131\u015f\u0131) d\u00f6\u015feme kabuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. E\u011filme Rijitli\u011fi \u00e7arpan\u0131 i\u00e7in minimum de\u011fer \u201c0.01\u201ddir. Bu durumda e\u011filme katk\u0131s\u0131 pratikte yok say\u0131l\u0131r.
                                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                                              2. Bu rijitlik yaln\u0131zca <\/span>\u00e7atlamam\u0131\u015f <\/span><\/b>y\u00fck durumlar\u0131na uygulan\u0131r, \u00e7atlam\u0131\u015f y\u00fck durumlar\u0131na uygulanmaz. <\/span><\/span>
                                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                                              3. E\u011fer <\/span>\u00e7atlam\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/b> y\u00fck durumlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa, rijitli\u011fi <\/span><\/span>Malzeme ve Kesit Efektif Rijitlik Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/span><\/b>\u2019nden de\u011fi\u015ftirin. <\/span><\/span>
                                                <\/span><\/li>\n
                                              4. Rijitlik \u00e7arpanlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in \u015fu makaleye bak\u0131n:<\/span> Efektif Rijitlik \u00c7arpanlar\u0131 <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
                                                <\/p>\n
                                                \"Fikir\"<\/div>\n
                                                D\u00f6\u015femenin d\u00fczlem i\u00e7i ve e\u011filme rijitli\u011fi azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00f6\u015feme daha esnek veya daha az rijit hale geldi\u011finden d\u00f6\u015femenin sehimi artar.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                E\u011e\u0130LME R\u0130J\u0130TL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span><\/u>: E\u011filme rijitli\u011fi \u00f6rne\u011fin 0.01 olarak ayarlan\u0131rsa, d\u00f6\u015femeden gelen mesnetlenme azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 kiri\u015fin tasar\u0131m momenti de artar. Bu durumda kiri\u015f tasar\u0131m momenti, a\u011f olu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015f (d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cFE ile Y\u00fck Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201d y\u00f6ntemiyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131) d\u00f6\u015femeye \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                D\u00dcZLEM \u0130\u00c7\u0130 R\u0130J\u0130TL\u0130K<\/span><\/u>: D\u00fczlem i\u00e7i membran rijitli\u011fi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ayarlan\u0131rsa, d\u00f6\u015femenin yanal rijitli\u011fi de d\u00fc\u015fer; yani d\u00f6\u015feme yatay y\u00f6nde daha esnek hale gelir. Bu durumda daha y\u00fcksek yanal sehim beklenmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                  \n
                                                1. Nerv\u00fcrl\u00fc ve Waffle d\u00f6\u015femeler dahil edilebilir. Yaln\u0131zca kiri\u015fler dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r; plaklar yay\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fck (UDL) olarak dahil edilir. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                  \n
                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Notlar\"<\/div>\n
                                                  Analiz sonucu, Analiz sekmesi> <\/span>Analitik Model<\/span><\/a> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilir. Yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme, eleman veya kabuk bas\u0131n\u00e7\/kuvvetlerini grafiksel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli simgeleri kullanabilirsiniz.<\/span> <\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  \n

                                                  Ayarlar<\/span><\/b>
                                                  <\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
                                                  \n

                                                  Analizle ilgili ek se\u00e7enekler \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Ayarlar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i>\u201d sekmesinde belirtilebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                                                  <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  \u0130\u015faretlenmemi\u015f Konsol Kiri\u015fler \u0130\u00e7in Uyar\u0131 Ver<\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  Kiri\u015flerin serbest ucu Grafik Edit\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019nde belirtilmemi\u015fse, program bu serbest u\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015faretlemeniz i\u00e7in bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler. Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fin i\u015fareti kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, uyar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmez.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  Konsol kiri\u015flerin i\u015faretlemesi tek tek manuel olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ( \u201c<\/span>Konsol Kiri\u015fin Serbest Ucunu \u0130\u015faretle<\/span><\/i>\u201d komutuyla), bu se\u00e7ene\u011fin i\u015faretinin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir; aksi halde Bina Analizi her \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu uyar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmeye devam eder.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Analizden \u00d6nce Mesnetlenmemi\u015f Kolonlar \u0130\u00e7in Uyar\u0131 Ver<\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  Sistemdeki kolonlar veya perdeler mesnetsiz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 uyarmak i\u00e7in uyar\u0131 mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenir. Kolon ba\u015fka bir eleman \u00fczerine oturmam\u0131\u015f veya alt d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda bir mesnet atanmam\u0131\u015f olabilir. B\u00f6yle bir uyar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Grafik Edit\u00f6r\u00fc\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fcp modeli d\u00fczeltmeniz gerekir. Bu se\u00e7ene\u011fin i\u015fareti kald\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6zellik devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Analiz Sonras\u0131 Raporunda Kolon, Perde ve Kiri\u015f Kesit \u00d6zelliklerini Yazd\u0131r<\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  Bu se\u00e7enek i\u015faretlenerek Kolon, Perde ve Kiri\u015f kesit \u00f6zellikleri Analiz Sonras\u0131 Raporuna dahil edilebilir.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Bina Analizi \u0130\u00e7in \u2018Seyrek \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 Kullan<\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  Seyrek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn amac\u0131, analiz i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcreyi azaltmakt\u0131r. Belirli model t\u00fcrlerinde analiz s\u00fcresinde \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir azalma sa\u011flanabilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin perdeler i\u00e7in sonlu eleman kabuk modeli kullanan modeller veya \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck modeller); di\u011fer modellerde bu etki daha az belirgin olabilir.
                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Uyar\u0131\" <\/div>\n
                                                  Ancak seyrek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, mesnetlenmemi\u015f elemanlar ve karars\u0131zl\u0131k gibi modelleme hatalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha kat\u0131 ve daha az toleransl\u0131d\u0131r. Model tamamlanam\u0131yorsa, bu se\u00e7ene\u011fi kapatmay\u0131 deneyin.<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Bilgi\" <\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                  Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 rehberlik i\u00e7in Seyrek \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile Modelleme Hatalar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Tespit Edilir? | ProtaStructure<\/a> videosuna bakarak "Pozitif Tan\u0131ml\u0131 Seyrek Matrisin \u00c7arpanlar\u0131na Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Oldu" <\/i>uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilirsiniz.
                                                  \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                  Toplam\/G\u00f6reli Yatay \u00d6teleme Limitleri<\/span>
                                                  <\/h3>\n
                                                  Bina yatay \u00f6teleme kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131r ve Analiz Sonras\u0131 Raporuna dahil edilir. Burada tan\u0131mlanan <\/span>"Toplam Yatay \u00d6teleme"<\/span><\/i> ve <\/span>"G\u00f6reli Yatay \u00d6teleme"<\/span><\/i> de\u011ferlerinin limit de\u011ferleri bu raporda kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  Toplam Yatay \u00d6telenme, kat yatay yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin kat\u0131n seviyesine olan y\u00fcksekli\u011fe oran\u0131d\u0131r; G\u00f6reli Yatay \u00d6telenme ise g\u00f6reli kat yatay yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesinin o kat\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fine oran\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  <\/div>\n
                                                  <\/p>\n
                                                  \"Notlar\"\"Fikir\" <\/div>\n
                                                  Girilecek limit de\u011ferler tamamen kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m felsefesine ve referans se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir karard\u0131r. Hata olu\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, kat kat detayl\u0131 hesaplama i\u00e7in "Raporlar" sekmesi alt\u0131ndaki "<\/span>Analiz Sonras\u0131 Kontroller Raporu<\/span><\/b>"na bak\u0131n. G\u00f6reli yatay \u00f6telenme kontrol\u00fcndeki hatan\u0131n yayg\u0131n nedeni, ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k iki kat aras\u0131ndaki yanal rijitlik de\u011fi\u015fimidir, \u00f6rne\u011fin  :
                                                  <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. Kolon veya perde say\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim 
                                                    <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  2. Yerle\u015fim veya malzeme de\u011fi\u015fimi, \u00f6rne\u011fin betonarme bir binan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7elik yap\u0131 bulunmas\u0131
                                                    <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  3. Kolon veya perdelerin s\u00fcreklili\u011finin kesilmesi; \u00f6rne\u011fin, kolon veya perdelerin s\u00fcreksiz oldu\u011fu bir aktarma kat\u0131, alt\u0131ndaki "aktarma olmayan" kata g\u00f6re nispeten daha y\u00fcksek yanal sehim g\u00f6sterir. 
                                                    <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  4. Yanal rijitlik yetersizli\u011fi (\u00f6rne\u011fin: \u00e7ok narin olmas\u0131, yeterli perde veya kolon bulunmamas\u0131 ya da kolonlarda kontrols\u00fcz mafsalla\u015fma)
                                                    <\/span><\/li>\n
                                                  5. Karars\u0131z ve mesnetsiz elemanlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, uygun tutulma veya \u00e7apraz eleman\u0131 bulunmayan mafsall\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 kafes kiri\u015fi elemanlar\u0131)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                                    Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, yanal y\u00fck durumu alt\u0131nda "Analitik Model"e girip yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme grafi\u011fini a\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir; hatta yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme "Animasyon" ile de izlenebilir. Bu sayede, o kattaki nispeten y\u00fcksek yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirilip belirlenebilir.
                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Bu hatalar\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n karar\u0131 ve sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r; buna g\u00f6re limitler gev\u015fetilebilir, hata g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilir veya d\u00fczeltici bir eylem uygulanabilir.  D\u00fczeltici eylem, yukar\u0131da belirtilen kat rijitli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fim nedenlerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve yanal (\u00f6telenme) rijitli\u011fini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistem d\u00fczenini ve boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek olabilir. <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/div>\n

                                                    Eksenel Y\u00fck Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Tolerans\u0131
                                                    <\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                    ProtaStructure, bina analizinden \u00f6nce binadaki d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fckleri; kiri\u015flere aktar\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki de\u011ferleri ile kiri\u015flere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonraki de\u011ferlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Analiz sonras\u0131nda kolon eksenel y\u00fcklerinin toplanmas\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir kontrol yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fer grubu birbirine yak\u0131n olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer olarak %5 fark tolerans\u0131 yeterlidir.
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Modeldeki d\u00f6\u015feme akma hatlar\u0131 veya y\u00fck aktar\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili sorunlar varsa, bu fark %5’i a\u015fabilir. %5 tolerans a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda analiz sonras\u0131nda bir uyar\u0131 mesaj\u0131 verilir.  
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in "<\/span><\/span>Eksenel Y\u00fck Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Raporu<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/i>"nu inceleyin; bak\u0131n\u0131z: Eksenel Y\u00fck Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma Raporuna Genel Bak\u0131\u015f (Detayl\u0131 \u00d6rnek)<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    Di\u015fsiz D\u00f6\u015feme Modelleri i\u00e7in Kolon D\u0131\u015f Hatt\u0131 Modellemesi
                                                    <\/span><\/h3>\n
                                                    Di\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme veya aktarma d\u00f6\u015femesi modellerinde, d\u00f6\u015feme her zaman kolonun \u00e7evresel d\u0131\u015f hatt\u0131na kadar a\u011fa b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Analitik d\u0131\u015f hatt\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin 2 se\u00e7enek bulunur:<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    1.  Sonlu Rijitlikli Rijit Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 Kullan<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b>
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Rijit ba\u011flant\u0131lar, y\u00fcklemeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sehim yapabilir. Bu se\u00e7enek, kolon kenarlar\u0131ndaki kuvvet s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak daha az donat\u0131 gereksinimi sa\u011flayabilir.<\/span>
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Bu se\u00e7enek, hafif veya orta d\u00fczeyde y\u00fckl\u00fc di\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme modeli i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/span><\/span>
                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Bu se\u00e7enek, ProtaStructure 2025 ve \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerde tek se\u00e7enektir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    2. G\u00f6vde K\u0131s\u0131tlama Modelini Kullan <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b>
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    G\u00f6vde k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131, bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u00e7iftini sonsuz rijitlikte bir ba\u011flant\u0131yla birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f gibi tek bir g\u00f6vde olarak birbirine ba\u011flar. Bu nedenle, Rijit Ba\u011flant\u0131 se\u00e7ene\u011fine k\u0131yasla sehim yapmaz. <\/span><\/span>Bu se\u00e7enek, a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fckl\u00fc di\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme veya aktarma d\u00f6\u015femesi modeli i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/span>
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Bu se\u00e7enek yaln\u0131zca ProtaStructure <\/span><\/span>2026<\/span><\/b> s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnde sunulmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/span>
                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/font><\/div>\n
                                                    2 se\u00e7ene\u011fin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu makaleye bak\u0131n: <\/span>Di\u015fsiz D\u00f6\u015feme ve Aktarma D\u00f6\u015femesi Modelleri i\u00e7in Kolon D\u0131\u015f Hatt\u0131 Modellemesi<\/span><\/a><\/font><\/div>\n

                                                    Kat A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k Merkezi Hesaplamalar\u0131<\/span>
                                                    <\/h3>\n
                                                    2 se\u00e7enek bulunur: <\/span>
                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n

                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    1. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Kiri\u015f Y\u00fcklerini Kullan<\/span><\/b>
                                                    <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                    Bu se\u00e7enek, yaln\u0131zca d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fcklerinin Akma Hatt\u0131 veya <\/span><\/span>Sonlu Eleman Y\u00fck Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 <\/span><\/b>y\u00f6ntemiyle kiri\u015flere do\u011fru \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labildi\u011fi \/ hesaplanabildi\u011fi kiri\u015fli d\u00f6\u015feme sistemleri i\u00e7in uygundur.
                                                    <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    1. \u200b<\/span><\/span>Reaksiyon de\u011ferleri kiri\u015f u\u00e7 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinde hesaplan\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndaki k\u00fctleler olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.\u200b
                                                      <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    2. Bu se\u00e7enek se\u00e7ildi\u011finde, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndaki k\u00fctleler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezi ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k hesaplamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
                                                      <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                                    3. Bu se\u00e7enek, kiri\u015f bulunmayan kiri\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme sisteminde kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r; kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa kat a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesab\u0131nda d\u00f6\u015feme y\u00fckleri kaybolur.\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                                      <\/span><\/div>\n
                                                      <\/p>\n
                                                      2. Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f D\u00f6\u015feme Y\u00fcklerini Kullan.\u200b
                                                      <\/span><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n

                                                      <\/span><\/p>\n

                                                      Bu y\u00f6ntem d\u00f6\u015feme ve kiri\u015f y\u00fcklerini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 hesaplar; yani d\u00f6\u015femenin kiri\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 veya kiri\u015flerin var olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez:\u200b
                                                      <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      1. Y\u00f6ntem hem kiri\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015feme sisteminde hem de kiri\u015fli d\u00f6\u015feme sisteminde kullan\u0131labilir.\u200b
                                                        <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                                      2. Kiri\u015fsiz d\u00f6\u015femede oldu\u011fu gibi sistemde kiri\u015f bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fckleri Kullan” se\u00e7ene\u011fi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u200b\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
                                                        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
                                                      3. Bu y\u00f6ntem her t\u00fcr sistem i\u00e7in kat a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan varsay\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir.\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

                                                        \n
                                                        Se\u00e7ilen se\u00e7enek i\u00e7in belirlenen k\u00fctle\/a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k, bir Bina Analizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra plan formunda g\u00f6sterilen A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k Merkezi \u00fczerine imle\u00e7 getirilerek incelenebilir (\u00f6rnek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da)\u200b
                                                        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n

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                                                        <\/div>\n<\/h3>\n
                                                        <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                        ProtaStructure Bina Analizi formundaki Model Se\u00e7enekleri sayfas\u0131; Model, Perde Duvar Modeli, D\u00f6\u015feme Modeli ve Ayarlar sekmelerini kapsar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_whitepaper_youtube_videos":"","_whitepaper_youtube_url":"","_whitepaper_youtube_thumbnail":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,19],"whitepaper_topic":[],"whitepaper_product":[],"whitepaper_type":[],"class_list":["post-1776","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry","category-building-analysis","category-technical-manuals"],"yoast_head":"\nModel Se\u00e7enekleri \u2013 ProtaStructure Bina Analizi Rehberi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ProtaStructure Bina Analizi'nde Model Se\u00e7enekleri sayfas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin; rijitlik katsay\u0131lar\u0131, kat serbestlik dereceleri ve model ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/protasoftware.com\/tr\/destek\/teknik-kilavuzlar\/model-secenekleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Model Se\u00e7enekleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ProtaStructure Bina Analizi'nde Model Se\u00e7enekleri sayfas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin; 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