Summary Understanding Structural Sway Under Vertical Loads Many structures naturally sway under vertical (gravity) loads. While this sway is typically minimal, it can sometimes introduce significant changes to the expected moment diagrams in beams. These changes may affect the overall performance and safety of the structure, requiring engineers to account for sway in their design calculations. Effects […]

Summary Understanding Non-Structural Member Forces in Earthquake Design ProtaStructure calculates non-structural member forces in compliance with EC8 Chapter 4.3.5, ensuring designs are safe and code-compliant. Non-structural members, such as partitions, façades, and equipment, contribute significantly to a building’s overall performance during seismic events. This guide provides detailed insights into the earthquake forces acting on these members and […]

Summary Beam Design to Eurocode 2: A Comprehensive Guide This design guide provides an in-depth discussion on Beam Design to Eurocode 2 (BS EN 1992-1-1:2004), the European standard for the design of concrete structures. It focuses on the analysis and design calculations necessary to ensure compliance with this widely adopted design code. Why is Eurocode 2 […]

Summary Interactive Punching Shear Check with ProtaStructurePunching shear is a critical factor in the design of reinforced concrete slabs and foundations. With ProtaStructure’s punching shear check tool, engineers can take an interactive approach to ensure safety and compliance with design codes. This tool not only allows for careful review and adjustment of design settings for […]

Summary Understanding the Differential Axial Deformation Effect This design guide delves into the Differential Axial Deformation Effect (DADE) of columns and walls, an essential consideration in the 3D analysis of multi-storey buildings. DADE refers to the varying axial deformations in structural elements due to differences in stiffness, load distribution, and geometric properties. These variations can lead to […]

Summary Key Concepts in Load Calculation for Ribbed and Waffle SlabsRibbed and waffle slabs offer an optimal balance between material efficiency and load-carrying performance. Engineers must understand the principles of load calculation and decomposition to design these slabs effectively. Defining Load Types Accurate load calculation starts with identifying the types of loads acting on the […]

Summary Revised Content with Transition Words Pad Footing Design in Accordance with TS500Pad footings are among the simplest and most widely used foundation types in structural engineering. They effectively transfer column loads to the soil, ensuring stability and preventing settlement or bearing failure. This document explains the process of designing a pad footing in compliance […]

Summary Understanding Result Signs in Response Spectrum AnalysisResponse spectrum analysis (RSA) is a widely used method in structural engineering to evaluate the seismic performance of buildings and structures. However, interpreting the signs of the results after an RSA can be challenging. The positive or negative signs of forces, displacements, and reactions obtained from RSA do […]

Summary Case Study: Equivalent Lateral Force Analysis for a 4-Story RC BuildingThis case study demonstrates the calculation of equivalent lateral forces acting on a 4-story residential reinforced concrete (RC) building. The procedures follow the provisions of the International Building Code 2018 (IBC 2018), which outlines seismic load analysis and design requirements to ensure structural safety […]

Summary Case Study: Equivalent Lateral Force Calculation for a 4-Story RC Building (UBC 97) This case study provides a detailed explanation of the equivalent lateral force calculation for a 4-story residential reinforced concrete (RC) building. Using the 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC 97), the process outlines systematic methods for assessing seismic forces. These calculations are […]